Retos de la fortificación con vitamina A preformada y seguridad embriofetal

Viviana Poveda Carrazana; Isis Arbona Chavéz; Manuel Pérez Quintana

doi:10.59410/RACYT-v11n02ep03-0192

Autores/as

Viviana Poveda Carrazana Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5361-5596
Isis Arbona Chavéz Hospital General Puyo https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6759-6876
Manuel Pérez Quintana Universidad Estatal Amazónica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-0101

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59410/RACYT-v11n02ep03-0192

Palabras clave:

vitamina A preformada, fortificación alimentaria, exposición acumulativa, cadena agroindustrial, embarazo, teratogenicidad

Resumen

La fortificación de alimentos con vitamina A preformada es una estrategia útil para prevenir deficiencias nutricionales. Sin embargo, su implementación plantea desafíos tecnológicos y de control que pueden modificar la exposición dietaria, especialmente durante el embarazo. El objetivo de esta comunicación corta fue analizar los retos persistentes de la fortificación con vitamina A preformada en la cadena agroindustrial y sus implicaciones preventivas para la seguridad embriofetal. Se realizó un análisis bibliográfico de alcance técnico-narrativo, basado en literatura científica, técnica y regulatoria publicada entre 2015 y 2026. El análisis se organizó según las etapas de la cadena agroindustrial: formulación, procesamiento, almacenamiento, etiquetado y consumo. Se identificó que la dosificación del premix, la homogeneidad del mezclado, la degradación durante la vida útil, el uso de sobredosificación compensatoria (overage) y la claridad del etiquetado pueden modificar la concentración final del micronutriente y favorecer exposición excesiva, variabilidad intralote y exposición acumulativa. Durante el embarazo, estas condiciones tienen relevancia preventiva por el potencial teratogénico de la vitamina A preformada en exposiciones elevadas. Se concluye que la gestión del riesgo debe integrar control agroindustrial, etiquetado claro y orientación preventiva desde la salud pública y la nutrición.

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