La contribución del bosque amazónico a las condiciones de vida de la población rural de la Reserva de Biosfera Sumaco, Ecuador

Segundo Bolier Torres Navarrete; Luis Vallejo; Juan Pablo Cedeño; Yenny Torres Navarrete; Aníbal Gómez

doi:10.59410/RACYT-v02n03ep02-0029

Authors

Bolier Torres Universidad Estatal Amazónica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9182-419X
Luis Vallejo Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-6507
Juan Pablo Cedeño Parque Nacional Sumaco
Yenny Torres Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-8708
Aníbal Gómez Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59410/RACYT-v02n03ep02-0029

Keywords:

Forest, livestock, farm income, Ecuadorian Amazon

Abstract

Forest resources are important to welfare of millions of households in developing countries. However, to evaluate rural livelihood and forest dependence is complex, especially when is required collect data from cultivated and non- cultivated areas, harvested in natural forest and rivers. To examine the contribution of the forest ecosystem to the living conditions of Kichwa and Mestiza populations of the northeastern Ecuadorian Amazon, we use a database that was collected through 680 surveys with 170 households in 32 communities in buffer and transition zones of Sumaco Biosphere Reserve. Overall results show that there is a strong contrast between Mestizo and Kichwa not only in the types of income, but also in activities that act as the main source of income. Kichwa households have a greater diversity of farm income, whereas mestizo households there are a well-marked dependence on livestock as their main source of income.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Angelsen A., J. F. Lund. 2011. Designing the Household Questionnaire. In Angelsen A., H. O., Larsen, J. F. Lund, C. Smith-Hall and S. Wunder (eds) Measuring Livelihoods and Environmental Dependence: methods for research and fieldwork. Earthscan Ltd, Dunstan House, 14ª St Cross Street, London EC1N 8XA, Uk, pp. 107-126.

Angelsen A., H. O., Larsen, J. F. Lund, C. Smith-Hall and S. Wunder. 2011. Measuring Livelihoods and Environu Measuring Livelihoods and Environmental Dependence: methods for research and fieldwork. Earthscan Ltd, Dunstan House, 14ª St Cross Street, London EC1N 8XA, Uk. 263 pp.

Barbieri, A. F. 2005. People, Land, and Context: Multi-scale Dimensions of Population Mobility in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Ph.D. Dissertation, City and Regional Planning. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina: 204 pp.

Bilsborrow R. E., A. F. Barbieri, W. Pan. 2004. Changes in population and land use over time in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Acta Amazónica, 34(4), pp. 635-647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672004000400015

Carr, D. L. (2004). Proximate Population Factors and Deforestation in Tropical Agricultural Frontiers. Population and Environment 25(6): 585-612. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:POEN.0000039066.05666.8d

Irvine, D. 2000. Indigenous Federations and the Market: The Runa of Napo, Ecua dor. In Weber R, Butler J, Larson P (eds) Indigenous People and Conservation organizations Experiences in Collaborations. World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC, pp. 21 – 46.

Lu.F.,R.E. Bilsborrow, A. Oña. 2004. Demography, household economics, and land and resource use of five indigenous populations in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon: A summary of ethnographic Research. Occasional Paper, Carolina Population Centre, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Marquette, C. M. (1998). Land Use Patterns Among Small Farmer Settlers in the Northeastern Ecuadorian Amazon. Human Ecology 26(4): 573-598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018797325069

Mena, C. F., R. E. Bilsborrow and M. McClain. 2006. Socioeconomic Drivers of Deforestation in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon. Environmental Management 36(6): 802–815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0230-z

Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. 2013. Segunda Medición del Uso del Suelo y de la Cobertura Vegetal en la Reserva de Biosfera Sumaco. AGROPRECISIÓN. Ecuador. 110 pp.

Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2013. Acuerdo Ministerial 016 del 2013, Ampliación la superficie del Parque Nacional Sumaco Napo Galeras con límites nuevos, creado mediante Resolución No. 9 del EXINEFAN de fecha 17 de junio de 1994 y publicada en el Registro Oficial No. 471 del 28 de junio de 1994. Quito-Ecuador. 8pp.

Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2012. Estimación de la Tasa de Deforestación del Ecuador Continental, Quito- Ecuador. 38 pp.

Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2002. Plan de Manejo de la Reserva de Biosfera Sumaco. Resolución No. 069 Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. Tena – Ecuador. 132 pp.

Mittermeier RA. 1988. Primate diversity and the tropical forest. Case studies from Brasil and Madagascar and de importance of the megadiversity countries. En: E.O. Wilson y F.M. Peter (Eds.), Biodiversity. National Academy Press. Washington DC, Estados Unidos. Pp. 145-154.

Murphy, L. 2001. Colonist Farm Income, Off-Farm Work, Cattle, and Differentiation in Ecuador's Northern Amazon. Human organization, Vol. 60, No. 1, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.60.1.38rjx0aldu349vvh

Myers, N., R. A. Mittermeier, C. G. Mittermeier, G. da Fonseca, J. Kent. 2000. Biodiversity Hotspots for Conservation Priorities. Nature 403: 853–858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501

Myers, N. 1988. Treatened biotas: Hotspots in tropical forest. The Environmentalist, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1-20 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02240252

Oldekop J., Bebbington A., Truelove N., Holmes G., Villamarín S., Preziosi R. 2012. Environmental Impacts and Scarcity Perception Influence Local Institutions in Indigenous Amazonian Kichwa Communities. Springer DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-011-9455-2. Published online: 14 January 2012. Human Ecology. 15 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-011-9455-2

Pan, W., S. J. Walsh, R. E. Bilsborrow, B. G. Frizzelle, C. M. Erlien, F. Baquero. 2004. Farm-level models of spatial patterns of land use and land cover dynamics in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Elsevier, Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment 101 (2004) 117 – 134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.09.022

Pichón, F. and R. E. Bilsborrow. 1999. Land-Use Systems, Deforestation and Associated Demographic Factors in the Humid Tropics: Farm-Level Evidence from Ecuador. Population and Deforestation in the Humid Tropics, edited by R. E. Bilsborrow and D. Hogan. Liege, IUSSP

Pichón F. J. 1997. Settlers households and land-use patterns in the Amazon frontier: Farm-level evidence from Ecuador, World Development, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 67-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(96)00091-5

Pichon, F. J. 1996. Land-Use Strategies in the Amazon Frontier: Farm-Level Evidence from Ecuador. Human Organization, Vol.55, No. 4, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.55.4.678v246317135784

Pichon, F. J. 1993. Agricultural settlement, land use, and deforestation in the Ecuadorian Amazon frontier: a micro-level analysis of colonist land- allocation bahavior. Ph.D. Dissertation submmited to the faculty in the City and Regional Plannig Department, University of North Carolinna, Chapel Hill – USA. 297 pp.

Pichon, F. J. 1992. Agriculture settlement and ecological crisis in the Ecuadorian Amazon frontier: a discussion of the policy environment. Policy study Journal, Winter 1992 v20 n4 p662 (17). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1992.tb00189.x

Rudel, T. and B. Horowitz. 1993. Tropical Deforestation: Small Farmers and Land Clearing in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Columbia University. Press. New York.

Shively, G. 2011. Sampling: Who, How and How Many? In Angelsen A., H. O., Larsen, J. F. Lund, C. Smith-Hall and S. Wunder (eds) Measuring Livelihoods and Environmental Dependence: methods for research and fieldwork. Earthscan Ltd, Dunstan House, 14ª St Cross Street, London EC1N 8XA, Uk, pp. 51-70.

Torres B. 2010. Land Use and Livelihood: A case study on the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador. Narrative report PEN/RAVA research project. PEN ID 10402. CIFOR, Bogor. 93 pp.

Torres B., U. Muuss, M. Krott. 2005. Farm Household Income And Land Use Changes Over Time In An Area Of Extreme Poverty In The Ecuadorian Amazon Region (EAR) Master Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology of Georg-August-University at Goettingen, in partial fulfillment of the thesis requirements for to obtain the title of Master of Sciences of Tropical and International Forestry. November, 2005. Goettingen, Germany. 91 pp.

UNESCO. 1996. Reservas de Biosfera: la Estrategia de Sevilla y el Marco Estatutario de la Red Mundial. UNESCO, Paris. 20pp.