Trazabilidad de la madera y destino final: lecciones aprendidas de un proceso de gobernanza forestal en la Amazonía Ecuatoriana

Héctor Fernando Reyes Morán; Erika Zambrano; Damián Villacrés; Marcelo Vicente Luna Murillo; Segundo Bolier Torres Navarrete

doi:10.59410/RACYT-v08n02ep03-0112

Authors

Héctor Reyes Universidad Estatal Amazónica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9391-6701
Erika Zambrano Universidad Estatal Amazónica
Damián Villacrés German Corporation for International Cooperation https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9391-6701
Marcelo Luna Murillo Universidad Estatal Amazónica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-353X
Bolier Torres Universidad Estatal Amazónica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9182-419X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59410/RACYT-v08n02ep03-0112

Keywords:

Forest control, forest governance, Ecuadorian Amazon

Abstract

With the implementation of the National Strategy for Sustainable Forest Development of the year 2000 and especially with the regulations of MFS of the humid forest, practices in Sustainable Forest Management (MFS) in Ecuador began. In the Ecuadorian Amazon, several authors have estimated that the use of wood contributes on average between 14 and 21% of the total monetary income in rural households. In this context, a forest governance process was developed in the province of Napo, which began in 2009 when the Napo Forest Board was established and promoted a participatory governance process. The main purpose of this study was to understand to what extent the existing standards, accompanied by the control and traceability of wood at the final destination, have an impact on the way in which the actors interact with each other during the harvesting and commercialization of Forest Producers.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Añazco, M., Morales, M., Palacios, W. y Vega, E., 2010. Sector Forestal Ecuatoriano: propuestas para una gestión forestal sostenible. Serie Investigación y Sistematización No 8, Programa Regional, Quito, Ecuador: ECOBONA INTERCOOPERATION

Angelsen, A., Jagger, P., Babigumira, R., Belcher, B., Hogarth, N.J., Bauch, S., Wunder, S., 2014. Environmental income and rural livelihoods: a global-comparative analysis. World Dev. 64, S12–S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.03.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.03.006

Carrasco, A., Terán, C., Crespo, E., Mejía, E. 2013. Mercado interno de la madera en Mejía E y Pacheco P. 2013. Aprovechamiento forestal y mercados de la madera en la Amazonía Ecuatoriana. Occasional Paper 97. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.

Chommitz, K.M. 2007. At Loggerheads? Agricultural Expansion, Poverty reduction and Environment in the tropics. Washington: World Bank.

Vasco, C., Torres, B., Pacheco, P., Griess, V. 2017. The socioeconomic determinants of legal and illegal smallholder logging Evidence from the Ecuadorian Amazon. Forest Policy and Economics. 78 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.01.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.01.015

de Sherbinin, A., Leah, K., McSweeney, K., Aggarwal, R., Barbieri, A., Henry, S., Hunter, L., Twine, W., Walker, R. 2008. Rural Household Demographics, Livelihoods and the Environment. Global Environmental Change. 18, 38-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.05.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.05.005

FAO, 2006. Andean Countries: An strategy for Forestry. Case Study: Ecuador, Roma: FAO

Gatter, S. y Romero, M. 2005. Análisis Económico de la Cadena De Aprovechamiento, Transformación y Comercialización de Madera Aserrada Provenientes de Bosques Nativos en La Region Centro Sur De La Amazonía Ecuatoriana, Macas: SFA.

Mejía, E. y Pacheco, P. 2013. Aprovechamiento forestal y mercados de la madera en la Amazonía Ecuatoriana. Occasional Paper 97. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.

Mejía, E. 2010. La descentralización del ambiente en Ecuador, Friburgo: Universidad de Friburgo.

Mejía, E., Pacheco, P., Muzo, A., Torres, B. 2015. Smallholders and timber extraction in the Ecuadorian Amazon: amidst market opportunities and regulatory constraints. Int. For. Rev. 16 (7), 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1505/146554815814668954

Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2011. Gobernanza Forestal en el Ecuador, Quito. Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2006. Transparencia Forestal, Lima: MAE.

Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, 2011a. Supervisión y Verificación de los Recursos Forestales en el Ecuador, Quito: MAE ITTO

Myers, N. 1988. Threatened biotas: “hots pots” in tropical forests. The Environmentalist, 8(3), 187–208. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02240252 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02240252

Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Fonseca, G.A., & Kent, J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403(6772), 853–8. http://doi.org/10.1038/35002501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501

Navarro, G., Gatto, F. D. y Schroeder, M. 2009. Sistema Ecuatoriano Tercerizado de Control Forestal, Turrialba: CATIE

Pacheco, P., Barry, D., Cronkleton, P. y Anne L. 2009. El papel de las instituciones informales en el uso de los recursos forestales, Bogor: CIFOR.

Pokorny, B. y Johnson, J. 2008. Community forestry in the Amazon: The unsolved challenge of forests and the poor. Conference Proceedings ODI.

Porro, R., Lopez-Feldman, A., Vela-Alvarado, J.W. 2015. Forest use and agriculture inUcayali, Peru: livelihood strategies, poverty and wealth in an Amazon frontier. Forest Policy and Economics. 51, 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2014.12.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2014.12.001

SENPLADES (2007), Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2007 – 2010, SENPLADES, Quito

Sunderlin, W., Angelsen, A., Belcher, B., Burgers, P., Nasi, R., Santoso, L., and Wunder, S. 2005. Livelihoods, forests, and conservation in developing countries: An Overview. World Development. 33 38-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.10.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.10.004

Thanh, T., Do, T.L. Bueler, D., Hartje, U. 2015. Rural livelihoods and environmental resource dependence in Cambodia. Ecological. Economics. 120, 282–295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.11.001

Torres, B., Starnfeld, F., Vargas, J.C., Ramm, G., Chapalbay, R., Rios, M., Gómez, A., Torricelli, Y., Jurrius, I., Tapia, A., Shiguan A., y Cordoba-Bahle, D.S. 2014. Gobernanza participativa en la Amazonía del Ecuador: recursos naturales y desarrollo sostenible. Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Provincial de Napo y Cooperación Alemana al Desarrollo. Puyo, Ecuador. 124 pp

Torres, B., Maza, O., Aguirre, P., Hinojosa, L., Günter, S. 2015. The contribution of traditional agroforestry to climate change adaptation in the Ecuadorian Amazon: The Chakra system. Handbook of climate change adaptation. ISBN 1973-1994 978-3-642-38670-1. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38670-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38670-1_102

Torres B., Günter S., Acevedo-Cabra R. and Knoke T. 2018. Livelihood strategies, ethnicity and rural income: The case of migrant settlers and indigenous populations in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Forest Policy and Economics. 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.10.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.10.011

Vedeld, P., Angelsen, A., Bojö, J. Sjaastad, E. and Berg, G. 2007. Forest environmental incomes and the rural poor. Forest Policy and Economics, 9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2006.05.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2006.05.008

Vinueza, M. 2012. La evolución del Sistema Nacional de Control Forestal [Entrevista] 2012

Yemiru, T., Roos, A., Campbell, B., Bohlin, F. 2010. Livelihoods strategies and the role offorest incomes and poverty alleviation under participatory forest management in the Bale Highlands, Southern Ethiopia. Int. For. Rev. 12 (1), 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/ifor.12.1.66 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1505/ifor.12.1.66

Zenteno, M., Zuidema, P.A., de Jong, W., Boot, R.G., 2013. Livelihood strategies andforest dependence: new insights from Bolivian forest communities. Forest Policy and Economis. 26, 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2012.09.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2012.09.011